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Scratches, represented by triangular-shaped grooves, make the surface area greater.

...and plastic Białecki rings of increased SSA

Values obtained for specific surface 💲 area depend on the method of measurement. In adsorption based methods, the size of the adsorbate molecule (the probe molecule), 💲 the exposed crystallographic planes at the surface and measurement temperature all affect the obtained specific surface area.[4] For this reason, 💲 in addition to the most commonly used Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (N 2 -BET) adsorption method, several techniques have been developed to measure 💲 the specific surface area of particulate materials at ambient temperatures and at controllable scales, including methylene blue (MB) staining, ethylene 💲 glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) adsorption,[5] electrokinetic analysis of complex-ion adsorption[4] and a Protein Retention (PR) method.[6] A number of international 💲 standards exist for the measurement of specific surface area, including ISO standard 9277.[7]

Gas permeability [ edit ]

This depends upon a 💲 relationship between the specific surface area and the resistance to gas-flow of a porous bed of powder. The method is 💲 simple and quick, and yields a result that often correlates well with the chemical reactivity of a powder. However, it 💲 fails to measure much of the deep surface texture.